Danielle's Picks from the Literature - January 2012

Here are my picks from the nursing literature over the past few months. SJO and CHOC employees have access to the full text of many of these articles through the Burlew Medical Library.

1. Evidence, patient preferences and patient-centred care.
Hopp, Lisa;
International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 2011 Dec; 9 (4): 335-6

2. Evidence-Based Nursing. Taking care of business with TCAB.
O'Neill, Jennifer A.; Holecek, Nancy; DeLima, Mary;
Nursing Management, 2011 Dec; 42 (12): 19-22

3. Evidence-based practice and research: the challenge for transplant nursing.
White-Williams, Connie;
Progress in Transplantation, 2011 Dec; 21 (4): 299-305
Abstract: Despite the initiative for nurses to engage in evidence-based practice and research, little is known about transplant nurses and the role they play in research and evidence-based practice in nursing care. The definition of evidence-based practice and research and how it relates to the role of the transplant nurse, the facilitators and barriers to research and evidence-based practice, and the implications for the future of research and evidence-based practice in transplant nursing are addressed.

4. Developing Guidelines for Clinical Protocol Development.
Levin, Rona F.; Lewis-Holman, Seon;
Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 2011; 25 (4): 233-7

5. Promoting the Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice: A Literature Review Focusing on the Role of Nursing Leadership.
Sandström, Boel; Borglin, Gunilla; Nilsson, Roland; Willman, Ania;
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 2011 4th Quarter; 8 (4): 212-23
Abstract: Objectives: Despite a growing interest in evidence-based practice (EBP), the implementation into clinical practice of knowledge derived from research has proved to be a cumbersome process. Additionally, the literature seems to present a fragmented picture with research mainly focusing on a few factors of possible importance, among which leadership appears to be one of the more important. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review the literature regarding leadership and its possible influence on the process of implementing EBP. Approach: A literature review was conducted. Electronic database searches were conducted to identify studies on leadership, administrators, managers, implementation, evidence-based and nursing. The search identified 43 potentially relevant papers, of which 36 were excluded after an appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers. Results were extracted and synthesised into a narrative text. Findings: Seven papers were included in the literature review. The findings can be divided into three major areas: (1) characteristics of the leader, (2) characteristics of the organisation and (3) characteristics of the culture. Our findings indicate that leadership is vital for the process of implementing EBP in nursing and also highlights the possible importance of the organisation and the culture in which the leader operates. These factors together with their characteristics were interpreted to be intrinsic in the creation of a nursing milieu that is open and responsive to the implementation of EBP. Conclusions: Although there seems to be scholarly agreement that leadership is a vital part of the process of implementing EBP, more rigorous research is needed concerning the possible role of the leader. Our findings also indicate that leadership cannot be studied in isolation or without being clearly defined.

6. An Exploration of the Roles of Nurse Managers in Evidence-Based Practice Implementation.
Wilkinson, Joyce E.; Nutley, Sandra M.; Davies, Huw T.O.;
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 2011 4th Quarter; 8 (4): 236-46
Abstract: Background: Internationally, nurses face ongoing difficulties in making a reality of evidence-based practice. Existing studies suggest that nurse managers (NMs) should play a key role in leading and facilitating evidence-based practice, but the nature of this role has not yet been fully explored or articulated. This is one of the first studies to investigate the roles of NMs in evidence-based practice implementation. Methodology and Methods: Using a case study approach the study explores five propositions in relation to the NMs' potential evidence-based practice role and the extent to which their attitudes, knowledge, and skills support such a role. In doing so, it draws on interviews (n = 51), documentary analysis and observational data. Findings: Data analysis reveals that the role of NMs in facilitating evidence-based practice is underarticulated, largely passive and currently limited by competing demands. Progress in implementing evidence-based practice in the case study sites is largely explained by factors other than the role played by NMs. As such, the findings expose significant discrepancies between NMs' actual roles and those espoused in the literature as being necessary. Contextual factors are important and it is clear that the role of the contemporary NM places considerable emphasis on management and administration to the detriment of clinical practice concerns. Conclusions: The study reveals that NMs are only involved in evidence-based practice implementation in a passive role, not the full engagement described in the literature as being necessary. This study adds previously lacking detail of the roles of NMs. It elucidates why exhortations to NMs to become more involved in evidence-based practice implementation are ineffectivewithout action to address the problems identified.

7. A critical realist approach to knowledge: implications for evidence-based practice in and beyond nursing.
Nairn, Stuart;
Nursing Inquiry, 2012 Mar; 19 (1): 6-17
Abstract: A critical realist approach to knowledge: implications for evidence-based practice in and beyond nursing This paper will identify some of the key conceptual tools of a critical realist approach to knowledge. I will then apply these principles to some of the competing epistemologies that are prevalent within nursing. There are broadly two approaches which are sometimes distinct from each other and sometimes inter-related. On one side, there is the view that all healthcare interventions should be judged on the principles of randomised controlled trials and the other is a preoccupation with language in which healthcare interventions are subjected to a discursive interrogation. These debates are configured through the idea of a hierarchy of knowledge that is accorded uncritical acceptance by some and virulent distaste by others. I will argue that the notion of hierarchy is problematic and is largely argued for in unproductive epistemological terms. What is required is a shift towards a theory that emphasises the contextual nature of the ways that knowledge is produced and disseminated. In other words, there is no single hierarchy of knowledge, but there are multiple hierarchies of knowledge.

8. Determining factors in evidence-based clinical practice among hospital and primary care nursing staff.
De Pedro-Gómez, Joan; Morales-Asencio, José Miguel; Bennasar-Veny, Miquel; Artigues-Vives, Guillem; Perelló-Campaner, Catalina; Gómez-Picard, Patricia;
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2012 Feb; 68 (2): 452-9
Abstract: Determining factors in evidence-based clinical practice among hospital and primary care nursing staff. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 452-459. Abstract Aim. The general aim of this study is to identify key factors perceived by nurses to influence evidence-based clinical practice at different centres. Background. During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in the identification of factors that facilitate the transfer of knowledge into clinical practice, among health care professionals. Previous research states that a suitable organisational framework and practice environment seems to have influence on a greater use of scientific evidence by nurses, which can be directly observed in patient outcomes. In consequence, several authors suggest that strategies should be encouraged from managers and nurse executives to guarantee the existence of environments that avoid emotional exhaustion and improve satisfaction of nurses with their work, and at the same time, ensure the use of research-guided nursing decisions. Methods. Following the Spanish validation of the Practice Environment Scale-Nursing Work Index and Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire, a descriptive observational cross-sectional study has been conceived, from 2010 to 2011, in order to identify determining factors in evidence-based clinical practice at different centres. In a second phase, a qualitative study has been designed, using focus groups, to identify practice factors that can lead to a successful implementation of evidence-based clinical practice. Discussion. Organisational and attitudinal interventions are needed in order to implement evidence-based clinical practice that improves the quality of patient care.

9. Whither Nursing Models? The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence-based practice and multidisciplinary health care.
McCrae, Niall;
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2012 Jan; 68 (1): 222-9
Abstract: Whither Nursing Models? The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence-based practice and multidisciplinary health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(1), 222-229. Abstract Aim. This paper presents a discussion of the role of nursing models and theory in the modern clinical environment. Background. Models of nursing have had limited success in bridging the gap between theory and practice. Data sources. Literature on nursing models and theory since the 1950s, from health and social care databases. Discussion. Arguments against nursing theory are challenged. In the current context of multidisciplinary services and the doctrine of evidence-based practice, a unique theoretical standpoint comprising the art and science of nursing is more relevant than ever. Implications for nursing. A theoretical framework should reflect the eclectic, pragmatic practice of nursing. Conclusion. Nurse educators and practitioners should embrace theory-based practice as well as evidence-based practice.

10. Hourly rounding: challenges with implementation of an evidence-based process.
Deitrick LM; Baker K; Paxton H; Flores M; Swavely D;
Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 2012 Jan-Mar; 27 (1): 13-9
Abstract: Introduction of an evidence-based practice change, such as hourly rounding, can be difficult in the hospital setting. This study used ethnographic methods to examine problems with the implementation of hourly rounding on 2 similar inpatient units at our hospital. Results indicate that careful planning, communication, implementation, and evaluation are required for successful implementation of a nursing practice change.

11. Practice Makes Perfect—Research Makes Perfect Practice.
Christian, Becky J.;
Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2012 Feb; 27 (1): 90-1

12. Statistical process control in nursing research.
Polit DF; Chaboyer W;
Research in Nursing & Health, 2012 Feb; 35 (1): 82-93
Abstract: In intervention studies in which randomization to groups is not possible, researchers typically use quasi-experimental designs. Time series designs are strong quasi-experimental designs but are seldom used, perhaps because of technical and analytic hurdles. Statistical process control (SPC) is an alternative analytic approach to testing hypotheses about intervention effects using data collected over time. SPC, like traditional statistical methods, is a tool for understanding variation and involves the construction of control charts that distinguish between normal, random fluctuations (common cause variation), and statistically significant special cause variation that can result from an innovation. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of SPC and to illustrate its use in a study of a nursing practice improvement intervention.

13. Towards improved organisational support for nurses working in research roles in the clinical setting: A mixed method investigation.
Rickard, Claire M.; Williams, Ged; Ray-Barruel, Gillian; Armit, Lyn; Perry, Chris John; Luke, Haida; Duffy, Paula; Wallis, Marianne;
Collegian, 2011; 18 (4): 165-76
Abstract: Background The clinical research workforce within nursing is growing including those employed to lead studies, coordinate research and many hybrid roles. Several studies have reported high job satisfaction among research nurses. However, there have also been reports of limited options for career development and professional integration, likely reflecting typical informal, departmentally based management models. Institution-wide studies of issues related to research nurses are lacking, thus hampering the design and implementation of effective organisational frameworks to support and develop these positions. Aims To explore experiences of nurses employed in research positions regarding organisational structures and support for research career pathways, and determine what reforms would strengthen an effective research specialisation pathway. Methods A mixed-methods, cross-sectional approach, using a 104-item survey and semi-structured interviews of 11 staff in research roles at an acute care hospital in Queensland, Australia. Results Research nurses lack organisational support in many job aspects that they deem important. A management model for the coordination of research nurses within a health district could maximise development of this field. Academic liaison and mentoring for nurses in research, and recognition for effort, are key areas for a management model to target. Conclusion Nurses in research roles need individual mentorship, collective support, and the professional recognition and status that researchers in other settings are afforded. A comprehensive research management model would provide structured organisational support for nurses in research, improve professional development opportunities, ensure efficient use of human resources, synergistic working partnerships, and further contribute to a culture of evidence-based healthcare.

14. Advancing Nursing Administration Through Research.
Hill, Karen S.;
Journal of Nursing Administration, 2011 Dec; 41 (12): 558-64

More tips for getting published in the nursing literature!

Last year the British Journal of Nursing published a compilation of articles for nurses on publishing in the professional literature. Tips include recommendations on getting started, writing structure, and how to choose the right journal. The entire series is available to St. Joseph Hospital, Orange and CHOC staff through the Burlew Medical Library's CINAHL database.

Writing for professional publication. Part 1: Motivation.
Fowler J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2010 Sep 9; 19(16): 1062.

Writing for professional publication. Part 2: Subject matter.
Fowler J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2010 Sep 23; 19(17): 1121.

Writing for professional publication. Part 3: Following journal guidelines.
Fowler J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2010 Oct 28; 19(19): 1260.

Writing for professional publication. Part 4: Supporting your statements.
Fowler J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2010 Nov 25; 19(21): 1374.

Writing for professional publication. Part 5: Creating interest.
Fowler J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Jan 13; 20(1): 49.

Writing for professional publication. Part 6: Writing the abstract.
Fowler J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Jan 27; 20(2): 120.

Writing for professional publication. Part 7: Structure and presentation.
Fowler, J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Feb 10; 20(3): 190.

Writing for professional publication. Part 8: Targeting the right journal
Fowler, J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Feb 23; 20(4): 254.

Writing for professional publication. Part 9: Using client case studies.
Fowler, J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Mar 10; 20(5): 330.

Writing for professional publication. Part 10: Publishing a project report.
Fowler, J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Apr 14; 20(6): 371.

Writing for professional publication. Part 11: Writing conference.
Fowler, J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Apr 21; 20(7): 451.

Writing for professional publication. Part 12: Summary of the series.
Fowler, J
British Journal of Nursing (BJN) (BR J NURS), 2011 Apr 28; 20(8): 509.

Interview

Welcome to Vickie’s Research Corner.
Over the past several years here we have had so many interesting research studies. I would like to introduce you to Irma Patrick; she is currently the manager of Cardiac/Renal. She has worked at St. Joseph’s Hospital since 1997. She just finished her Masters in Nursing with a focus in Leadership at California State University Fullerton this past year. As part of her Master’s project, Irma decided to try her hand at research. Her study was called “Use of Healing touch Self-Care Technique to Reduce Stress in Bedside Nurses: A Pilot Study.
When asked how she became interested in her study she stated that “I decided to research Healing Touch. I developed interest in energy work after attending a meditation seminar in Hawaii. I then decided to take a Healing Touch class. Once I started my Masters program I realized I have an avenue to perform research in this area and wanted to get away from just studying clinical practice.”
Healing Touch Program (2009) explains that human energy system is made up of an energy field (aura), energy centers (chakras), and energy tracts (meridians) and that they work interdependently and influence physical, emotional, mental and spiritual life. Desired outcomes of HT are achieved when there is an unimpeded flow of energy and balancing of the energy field.
According to her literature review nurses who perceive themselves as healers often feel unsupported in their work environments. Often many nurses do not have a good work balance and do not practice self-care. Alternative therapies allowing nurses to self heal may help to decrease stress and avoid burnout. Several studies identified that healing touch reduced stress.
Irma worked with her chair who happened to be our own Dana Rutledge. They developed the pilot study. The study questioned if performing healing touch self-care technique for 15 minutes during a work shift reduce levels of stress during the shift. This study was a randomized clinical controlled trial. Eight nurses from each shift from the Cardiac Renal Unit were invited and they must have attended a Watson’s Caritas Summit and volunteered for the study. Nurses were randomized into two groups- intervention of Healing Touch and the control group who just took a break for 20 minutes and could do whatever they wanted on their break.
The results of the study were very positive! The tool used measured positive and negative feelings of the intervention pre and post intervention. The results demonstrated that both groups experiences increased positive feelings and decreased negative feelings (p<0.001). There was a significant time effect with decreasing negative feelings (p=0.038) with nurses in the Healing Touch group having a greater decrease in negative feeling than those in the control group. Overall Irma was very happy with her study especially since she has never done a study before. She would eventually like to do a larger study and continues to work on her Healing Touch study with a goal of certification through ANCC.- Irma and 8 other volunteers offered brief Healing Touch sessions to attendees of the Cultivating Optimal Healing Environments Conference held at St Joes on May 3, 2011. She will be taking the Level 4 Healing Touchclass in February at The Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange Center for Spiritual Development.

Danielle's Picks from the Literature - December 2011

LAST PICKS for 2011!!

Here are my picks from the nursing literature over the past few months. SJO and CHOC employees have access to the full text of many of these articles through the Burlew Medical Library.

Evidence-Based Nursing. Safe patient handling: Is your facility ready for a culture change?
Cadmus, Edna; Brigley, Patricia; Pearson, Madelyn;
Nursing Management, 2011 Nov; 42 (11): 12-5

Development of a Radiation Skin Care Protocol and Algorithm Using the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice.
Bergstrom, Kelli;
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2011 Dec; 15 (6): 593-5
Abstract: Limited evidence-based standards of care exist in the management of irradiated skin; therefore, the development of a skin care protocol is necessary to improve patient outcomes. This article describes the use of the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care as a framework to identify and validate current evidence. The resulting radiation therapy algorithm provided a succinct guideline for nurses to direct the prevention and management of skin damage secondary to radiation therapy, thus improving quality care.

Putting Evidence Into Practice.
Von Ah, Diane; Jansen, Catherine; Allen, Deborah Hutchinson; Schiavone, Rosalina M.; Wulff, Jennifer;
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2011 Dec; 15 (6): 607-15
Abstract: Cognitive impairment is a clinically complex symptom commonly experienced by cancer survivors. Although research in this area has grown, many questions remain regarding underlying mechanisms, trajectory, and specific interventions nurses can offer patients to prevent, treat, and manage cognitive impairment effectively. As part of the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Putting Evidence Into Practice (PEP) initiative, a comprehensive examination of the current literature was conducted to identify effective interventions for cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. The studies were categorized into nonpharmacologic interventions, including complementary and alternative therapies and cognitive training, and pharmacologic interventions, including psychostimulants and erythropoietin-stimulating agents. Using the ONS PEP Weight of Evidence Classification Schema, the levels of evidence for these interventions were consistent with the categories of effectiveness not established or not recommended for practice. Additional research is needed to identify effective preventive and treatment strategies for cognitive impairment in cancer survivors.

A discussion of approaches to transforming care: contemporary strategies to improve patient safety.
Burston, Sarah; Chaboyer, Wendy; Wallis, Marianne; Stanfield, Jane;
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2011 Nov; 67 (11): 2488-95
Abstract: A discussion of approaches to transforming care: contemporary strategies to improve patient safety. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(11), 2488-2495. Abstract Aim. This article presents a discussion of three contemporary approaches to transforming care: Transforming Care at the Bedside, Releasing Time to Care: the Productive Ward and the work of the Studer Group^®. Background. International studies of adverse events in hospitals have highlighted the need to focus on patient safety. The case for transformational change was identified and recently several approaches have been developed to effect this change. Despite limited evaluation, these approaches have spread and have been adopted outside their country of origin and contextual settings. Data sources. Medline and CINAHL databases were searched for the years 1999-2009. Search terms included derivatives of 'transformation' combined with 'care', 'nursing', 'patient safety', 'Transforming Care at the Bedside', 'the Productive Ward' and 'Studer Group'. Discussion. A comparison of the three approaches revealed similarities including: the foci of the approaches; interventions employed; and the outcomes measured. Key differences identified are the implementation models used, spread strategies and sustainability of the approaches. The approaches appear to be complementary and a hybrid of the approaches such as a blend of a top-down and bottom-up leadership strategy may offer more sustainable behavioural change. Implications for nursing. These approaches transform the way nurses do their work, how they work with others and how they view the care they provide to promote patient safety. Conclusion. All the approaches involve the implementation of multiple interventions occurring simultaneously to affect improvements in patient safety. The approaches are complementary and a hybrid approach may offer more sustainable outcomes.

A Practical Communication Strategy to Improve Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice.
Diedrick, Lee A.; Schaffer, Marjorie A.; Sandau, Kristin E.;
Journal of Nursing Administration, 2011 Nov; 41 (11): 459-65

Putting Evidence Into Practice.
Feight, Deborah; Baney, Tara; Bruce, Susan; McQuestion, Maurene;
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2011 Oct; 15 (5): 481-92
Abstract: Radiation dermatitis, or radiodermatitis, is a significant symptom caused by radiation therapy for the treatment of cancerous and noncancerous conditions. Radiodermatitis can negatively affect patients' physical functioning and quality of life. The Oncology Nursing Society coordinated a Putting Evidence Into Practice (PEP) project team to develop a PEP resource summarizing current evidence for the management of patients with radiodermatitis. Oncology nurses play an important role in educating, assessing, and monitoring patients for this symptom. Many common nursing interventions for radiodermatitis are based on tradition or opinion and have not been researched thoroughly. In addition, evidence to support some current interventions in practice is lacking. This article presents information concerning radiodermatitis, summarizes the evidence-based review for its prevention and management, and identifies gaps in the literature, as well as opportunities for research, education, and practice.

Factors affecting evidence translation for general practice nurses.
Mills, Jane; Field, John; Cant, Robyn;
International Journal of Nursing Practice, 2011 Oct; 17 (5): 455-63
Abstract: Factors affecting evidence translation for general practice nurses This paper explores the domains of influence affecting practice nurses' ability to find, evaluate and use clinical evidence. A cross-sectional survey of general practice nurses ( n = 590) in Victoria, Australia in 2008 provided data for a principal components analysis. The research replicates a study undertaken in the UK using the Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire. Five domains of influence on nurses' translation of evidence were identified: skills in finding/reviewing evidence; barriers to finding/reviewing evidence; knowledge from published sources; knowledge from other sources; and barriers or facilitators to change. Each domain was interpreted as underlying the relationship of nurses with evidence-based practice and was comparable to the original study's findings when subjected to factor analysis. Findings from this study show that the Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire-Au is a valid and useful instrument in determining the influences on practice nurses' ability to effect knowledge translation and conduct practice based on evidence. Given these findings, a new model is proposed that explains the influence of a number of domains on Australian general practice nurses' translation of knowledge into practice.

Spotlight on Outcomes. Data-Driven Decision Making: A Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Dashboard.
Mick, JoAnn;
Journal of Nursing Administration, 2011 Oct; 41 (10): 391-3 (

Engaging and Developing Research Leaders in Practice: Creating a Foundation for a Culture of Clinical Inquiry.
Stanley, Terry; Sitterding, Mary; Broome, Marion E.; McCaskey, Marjorie;
Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2011 Oct; 26 (5): 480-8
Abstract: This article describes the first formative year experience of a research council in a children''s hospital within a Magnet-designated hospital system. The vision, transformational leadership structure, and implementation strategies used during the first year of formation of a Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Council (NREBPC) are delineated and reflect Magnet components and sources of evidence (American Nurses Credentialing Center [ANCC], 2008). The use of the nursing excellence framework (ANCC, 2008) coupled with principles of adult learning to expand the knowledge and skills of nurses on the NREBPC are described and examples provided. Initial outcomes in terms of nurses'' leadership for research studies and planned documentation of additional metrics that have the potential to improve care through the development of a culture of inquiry are proposed.

Engaging with children in research: Theoretical and practical implications of negotiating informed consent/assent.
Lambert, Veronica; Glacken, Michele;
Nursing Ethics, 2011 Nov; 18 (6): 781-

Impacting Practice Through Evidence-Based Education.
Sciarra, Erica;
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 2011 Sep-Oct; 30 (5): 269-75
Abstract: Evidence-based practice has been demonstrated to positively impact patient outcomes, yet nurses are having difficulty incorporating it into their practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the educational needs of intensive care unit nurses regarding evidence-based practice and to implement a strategy to meet those needs. Evidence-based practice education in this pilot study was shown as an effective catalyst to nurses beginning and participating in evidence-based practice that could potentially improve patient outcomes.

The experience of critiquing published research: Learning from the student and researcher perspective.
Knowles, Judie M; Gray, Morag A;
Nurse Education in Practice, 2011 Nov; 11 (6): 390-4
Abstract: This paper commences with affirmation of the importance of research critique within academic programmes of study, and the context of this skill within the nursing profession. Judie (student) shares an experience from a Professional Doctorate in Education (EdD) assignment that involved selecting and critiquing a piece of published research. "The qualities of an effective mentor" (Gray and Smith, 2000) was critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP, 2006) framework. Morag was the researcher and co-author (Gray and Smith, 2000) and was subsequently contacted by Judie for the purposes of validating her critique assignment. On the tenth anniversary since publication of her PhD research findings Morag reflects on the original article in the light of Judie's critique and shares evaluative comments. Some of the assignment critique is validated by Morag, whilst some of the evaluation demonstrates unreliability of critique shown by Judie. Discussion surrounding sufficiency of research critique through systematic examination of a published article, versus an original research report such as a thesis ensues. The student and researcher/author reveal their learning from this collaborative experience and conclude with recommendations for; setting critique assignments; authors publishing their research findings; and students undertaking critique assignments.

Tips for Getting Published in the Nursing Literature

The editorial team at Research in Nursing and Health (RINAH) have created these helpful videos with tips on writing for publication & getting an article published.

Part I - Getting Started
http://youtu.be/E3_uExz8m9g

Part II - How to Succeed in Publication
http://youtu.be/-Iahw0QD8-w

Part III - Submission Process for a Research Journal
http://youtu.be/E3_uExz8m9g

Also, check out their free Virtual Issue - Helpful Editorial Hints for Getting Published.

Danielle's Picks from the Literature - November 2011

Here are my picks from the nursing literature over the past few months. SJO and CHOC employees have access to the full text of many of these articles through the Burlew Medical Library.

1. What is a randomised controlled trial?
Nelson, Andrea;
Evidence Based Nursing, 2011 Oct; 14 (4): 97-8

2. Evidence-Based Nursing. 10 ways to practice evidence-based staffing and scheduling.
Reese, Susan M.;
Nursing Management, 2011 Oct; 42 (10): 20-4

3. Implementing evidence-based practice: real-life success stories.
Reflections on Nursing Leadership, 2011 3rd Quarter; 37 (3). (2p)

4. Searching for Evidence Regarding Using Preoperative Disinfection Showers to Prevent Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review.
Jakobsson, Jenny; Perlkvist, Agnetha; Wann-Hansson, Christine;
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 2011 3rd Quarter; 8 (3): 143-52
Abstract: Background: Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) are the third most common health care associated infection. Even though several studies have pointed out the benefits of disinfection showers prior to surgery in order to reduce SSI, it remains unclear how to optimize this disinfection procedure. Aim: To find evidence for how many times preoperative disinfection showers should be performed in order to reduce bacterial colonies and minimize the risk of SSI. Method: A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases published during 1986S2008, supplemented by a manual search of the references in all relevant articles. Protocols were used in quality assessment and the data synthesis is descriptive in a narrative form. Results: The 10 studies included had different designs, interventions, and samples, which makes it difficult to compare them. Moreover, the quality of the reviewed studies varied and only four had a high level of evidence. Therefore, the results failed to give an unambiguous answer about the optimal number of preoperative showers, so only assumptions can be made. It is quite obvious, however, that preoperative disinfection showers with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) are effective from a microbiological point of view since eight of the reviewed studies showed a sharply reduced skin flora after using CHG. Conclusions: Currently, clear evidence for how many times preoperative disinfection showers should be performed to minimize the risk of SSI is missing. This highlights the need for further research that focuses on the number of preoperative disinfection showers in relation to SSI, in order to obtain optimal effect. Until then, it would be wise to follow previouslymade recommendation of three to five preoperative showers. Moreover, in order to have the intended effect of preoperative disinfection, it is important that health care professionals have the knowledge to guide patients with information and clear instructions about disinfection shower procedures.

5. Teaching and Learning about the Impact of Evidence-Based Practice Implementation.
Wilkinson, Joyce E.; Kent, Bridie; Hutchinson, Alison; Harrison, Margaret B.; Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 2011 3rd Quarter; 8 (3): 187-88

6. Factors affecting evidence translation for general practice nurses.
Mills, Jane; Field, John; Cant, Robyn;
International Journal of Nursing Practice, 2011 Oct; 17 (5): 455-63
Abstract: Mills J, Field J, Cant R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 455-463 Factors affecting evidence translation for general practice nurses This paper explores the domains of influence affecting practice nurses' ability to find, evaluate and use clinical evidence. A cross-sectional survey of general practice nurses ( n = 590) in Victoria, Australia in 2008 provided data for a principal components analysis. The research replicates a study undertaken in the UK using the Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire. Five domains of influence on nurses' translation of evidence were identified: skills in finding/reviewing evidence; barriers to finding/reviewing evidence; knowledge from published sources; knowledge from other sources; and barriers or facilitators to change. Each domain was interpreted as underlying the relationship of nurses with evidence-based practice and was comparable to the original study's findings when subjected to factor analysis. Findings from this study show that the Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire-Au is a valid and useful instrument in determining the influences on practice nurses' ability to effect knowledge translation and conduct practice based on evidence. Given these findings, a new model is proposed that explains the influence of a number of domains on Australian general practice nurses' translation of knowledge into practice.

7. Creating a Unit-Based Resource Nurse Program.
Quinn-O'Neil, Beth; Kilgallen, Mary Ellen; Terlizzi, Janice A.;
American Journal of Nursing, 2011 Sep; 111 (9): 46-51

8. Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap.
Tart, Rebecca Creech; Kautz, Donald D.; Rudisill, Kimberly D.; Beard, Edward L.; Nurse Educator, 2011 Sep-Oct; 36 (5): 219-23

9. The experience of critiquing published research: Learning from the student and researcher perspective.
Knowles, Judie M; Gray, Morag A;
Nurse Education in Practice, 2011 Nov; 11 (6): 390-4
Abstract: This paper commences with affirmation of the importance of research critique within academic programmes of study, and the context of this skill within the nursing profession. Judie (student) shares an experience from a Professional Doctorate in Education (EdD) assignment that involved selecting and critiquing a piece of published research. "The qualities of an effective mentor" (Gray and Smith, 2000) was critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP, 2006) framework. Morag was the researcher and co-author (Gray and Smith, 2000) and was subsequently contacted by Judie for the purposes of validating her critique assignment. On the tenth anniversary since publication of her PhD research findings Morag reflects on the original article in the light of Judie's critique and shares evaluative comments. Some of the assignment critique is validated by Morag, whilst some of the evaluation demonstrates unreliability of critique shown by Judie. Discussion surrounding sufficiency of research critique through systematic examination of a published article, versus an original research report such as a thesis ensues. The student and researcher/author reveal their learning from this collaborative experience and conclude with recommendations for; setting critique assignments; authors publishing their research findings; and students undertaking critique assignments.

10. Translating Caring Theory Into Practice.
Tonges, Mary; Ray, Joel;
Journal of Nursing Administration, 2011 Sep; 41 (9): 374-81

11. Measuring Caring--The Next Frontier In Understanding Workforce Performance and Patient Outcomes.
Nelson, John W.;
Nursing Economic$, 2011 Jul-Aug; 29 (4): 215-9

Danielle's Picks from the Literature - October 2011

Here are my picks from the nursing literature over the past few months. SJO and CHOC employees have access to the full text of many of these articles through the Burlew Medical Library.

Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: Is It Really Necessary?
Elliott, Rowena W.;
Nephrology Nursing Journal, 2011 Jul-Aug; 38 (4): 309-36

Clinical nurse research consultant: a clinical and academic role to advance practice and the discipline of nursing.
Currey, Judy; Considine, Julie; Khaw, Damien;
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2011 Oct; 67 (10): 2275-83
Abstract: Clinical nurse research consultant: a clinical and academic role to advance practice and the discipline of nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(9), 2275-2283. Abstract Aims. This article presents a proposal for the Clinical Nurse Research Consultant, a new nursing role. Background. Although healthcare delivery continues to evolve, nursing has lacked highly specialized clinical and research leadership that, as a primary responsibility, drives evidence-based practice change in collaboration with bedside clinicians. Data sources. International literature published over the last 25 years in the databases of CINAHL, OVID, Medline Pubmed, Science Direct, Expanded Academic, ESBSCOhost, Scopus and Proquest is cited to create a case for the Clinical Nurse Research Consultant. Discussion. The Clinical Nurse Research Consultant will address the research/practice gap and assist in facilitating evidence-based clinical practice. To fulfil the responsibilities of this proposed role, the Clinical Nurse Research Consultant must be a doctorally prepared recognized clinical expert, have educational expertise, and possess advanced interpersonal, teamwork and communication skills. This role will enable clinical nurses to maintain and share their clinical expertise, advance practice through research and role model the clinical/research nexus. Implications for nursing. Critically, the Clinical Nurse Research Consultant must be appointed in a clinical and academic partnership to provide for career progression and role support. Conclusion. The creation of the Clinical Nurse Research Consultant will advance nursing practice and the discipline of nursing.

The role of advanced practice nurses in knowledge brokering as a means of promoting evidence-based practice among clinical nurses.
Gerrish, Kate; McDonnell, Ann; Nolan, Mike; Guillaume, Louise; Kirshbaum, Marilyn; Tod, Angela;
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2011 Sep; 67 (9): 2004-14
Abstract: The role of advanced practice nurses in knowledge brokering as a means of promoting evidence-based practice among clinical nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(9), 2004-2014. Abstract Aim. To identify approaches used by advanced practice nurses to promote evidence-based practice among clinical nurses. Background. Barriers encountered at individual and organizational levels hinder clinical nurses in their ability to deliver evidence-based practice. Advanced practice nurses are well placed to promote evidence-based practice through interactions with clinical nurses. However, little is understood about how advanced practice nurses might realize this potential. Method. A multiple instrumental case study of 23 advanced practice nurses from hospital and primary care settings across seven Strategic Health Authorities in England was undertaken in 2006. Data collection comprised interviews and observation of advanced practice nurses and interviews with clinical nurses and other healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using the Framework approach. Findings. Advanced practice nurses acted as knowledge brokers in promoting evidence-based practice among clinical nurses. Knowledge management and promoting the uptake of knowledge were key components of knowledge brokering. Knowledge management involved generating different types of evidence, accumulating evidence to act as a repository for clinical nurses, synthesizing different forms of evidence, translating evidence by evaluating, interpreting and distilling it for different audiences and disseminating evidence by formal and informal means. Advanced practice nurses promoted the uptake of evidence by developing the knowledge and skills of clinical nurses through role modelling, teaching, clinical problem-solving and facilitating change. Conclusion. The role of advanced practice nurses in knowledge brokering is complex and multi-faceted. It extends beyond the knowledge management, linkage and capacity building identified in the literature to include active processes of problem-solving and facilitating change.

The impact of Nursing Rounds on the practice environment and nurse satisfaction in intensive care: Pre-test post-test comparative study.
Aitken, Leanne M.; Burmeister, Elizabeth; Clayton, Samantha; Dalais, Christine; Gardner, Glenn;
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2011 Aug; 48 (8): 918-25
Abstract: Abstract: Background: Factors previously shown to influence patient care include effective decision making, team work, evidence based practice, staffing and job satisfaction. Clinical rounds have the potential to optimise these factors and impact on patient outcomes, but use of this strategy by intensive care nurses has not been reported. Objectives: To determine the effect of implementing Nursing Rounds in the intensive care environment on patient care planning and nurses’ perceptions of the practice environment and work satisfaction. Design: Pre-test post-test 2 group comparative design. Settings: Two intensive care units in tertiary teaching hospitals in Australia. Participants: A convenience sample of registered nurses (n =244) working full time or part time in the participating intensive care units. Methods: Nurses in participating intensive care units were asked to complete the Practice Environment Scale-Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Nursing Worklife Satisfaction Scale (NWSS) prior to and after a 12 month period during which regular Nursing Rounds were conducted in the intervention unit. Issues raised during Nursing Rounds were described and categorised. The characteristics of the sample and scale scores were summarised with differences between pre and post scores analysed using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Independent predictors of the PES-NWI were determined using multivariate linear regression. Results: Nursing Rounds resulted in 577 changes being initiated for 171 patients reviewed; these changes related to the physical, psychological – individual, psychological – family, or professional practice aspects of care. Total PES-NWI and NWSS scores were similar before and after the study period in both participating units. The NWSS sub-scale of interaction between nurses improved in the intervention unit during the study period (pre – 4.85±0.93; post – 5.36±0.89, p =0.002) with no significant increase in the control group. Factors independently related to higher PES-NWI included intervention site and less years in critical care (p <0.05). Conclusions: Implementation of Nursing Rounds within the intensive care environment is feasible and is an effective strategy for initiating change to patient care. Application and testing of this strategy, including identification of the most appropriate methods of measuring impact, in other settings is needed to determine generalisability.

Maintaining a Full House for Research Involvement Among Float Pool Nurses.
Egbert, April; Lincicome, Amber; Elam, Ashley; Shinkle, Mary; Long, Lisa English;
Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2011 Aug; 26 (4): e24-5

Advancing Nursing Research Through a Mentorship Program for Staff Nurses.
Gawlinski, Anna; Miller, Pamela S.;
AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2011 Jul-Sep; 22 (3): 190-200

Nurse Champions: A Key Role in Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice.
White, Carole L.;
JEN: Journal of Emergency Nursing, 2011 Jul; 37 (4): 386-7

Research using blogs for data: Public documents or private musings?
Eastham, Linda A;
Research in Nursing & Health, 2011 Aug; 34 (4): 353-61
Abstract: Nursing and other health sciences researchers increasingly find blogs to be valuable sources of information for investigating illness and other human health experiences. When researchers use blogs as their exclusive data source, they must discern the public/private aspects inherent in the nature of blogs in order to plan for appropriate protection of the bloggers' identities. Approaches to the protection of human subjects are poorly addressed when the human subject is a blogger and the blog is used as an exclusive source of data. Researchers may be assisted to protect human subjects via a decisional framework for assessing a blog author's intended position on the public/private continuum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:353-361, 2011.

Four rights for focusing clinical nurse specialist research: right focus, right projects, right level, and right resources.
Albert, Nancy M; Fulton, Janet S;
Clinical Nurse Specialist: The Journal for Advanced Nursing Practice, 2011 Jul-Aug; 25 (4): 165-8

Engaging and Developing Research Leaders in Practice: Creating a Foundation for a Culture of Clinical Inquiry.
Stanley, Terry; Sitterding, Mary; Broome, Marion E.; McCaskey, Marjorie;
Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2011 Oct; 26 (5): 480-8
Abstract: This article describes the first formative year experience of a research council in a children''s hospital within a Magnet-designated hospital system. The vision, transformational leadership structure, and implementation strategies used during the first year of formation of a Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Council (NREBPC) are delineated and reflect Magnet components and sources of evidence (American Nurses Credentialing Center [ANCC], 2008). The use of the nursing excellence framework (ANCC, 2008) coupled with principles of adult learning to expand the knowledge and skills of nurses on the NREBPC are described and examples provided. Initial outcomes in terms of nurses'' leadership for research studies and planned documentation of additional metrics that have the potential to improve care through the development of a culture of inquiry are proposed.

Can You Hear Me? Facilitating the Voice of Frontline Nurses Through Nursing Research.
Vogelsmeier, Amy;
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 2011 Oct; 33 (6): 743-4